Light travels in straight lines, so if you have to represent a ray of light in a drawing, always use a ruler. Optics is the branch of physics which is concerned with light and its behavioural pattern and properties. Light behaves differently when it falls on different objects. A wave is a phenomenon, in which energy is transferred through vibrations. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10. Light is a form of energy which is given by luminous objects. The primary properties of visible light are intensity, propagation direction, frequency or. Properties of light reflection colours refraction properties of sound hearing part 1 properties of light light travels in straight lines.
The word wavelength is used to express the wave or undulating property of light. If you think the materials are useful kindly buy these legally from. As shown below, an electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave consisting of mutually perpendicular oscillating electric and magnetic fields. Lab wave properties in a spring georgia public broadcasting. Properties of light interference and light diffraction. Electricity, magnetism and optics department of physics.
The text is designed for upperlevel undergraduate students with a physics background. The sensation of vision is stimulated through optic nerve. To view a rainbow, your back must be to the sun as you look at an approximately 40 degree angle above the ground into a region of the. Electromagnetic radiation emr moving along rays in space r. Pdf the history of science shows that for each scientific issue there may. Intensity of each wavelength specified by amplitude visible light.
Admin igcse physics revision notes, o level physics revision notes leave a comment 3,983 views. Light energy is a kind of kinetic energy with the ability to make types of light visible to human eyes. The wavelength and frequency of light determine where the light is located along the electromagnetic spectrum. You are already familiar with the laws of reflection of light. Grega bizjak, phd laboratory of lighting and photometry faculty of electrical engineering university of ljubljana light light fascinating and mysterious companion throughout human history how our vision works. However, we have felt that for proper understanding of many topics in modern physics. Toaverygoodapproximation, lighttravelsinstraightlines, and behavesmuchlikeaparticle. Laser light travels very fast around 300,000 kilometres per second. Learn properties of light 2 physics with free interactive flashcards. Light is a form of energy emitted by set of luminous body and travels along the straight line. Color and light not in textbook sad but true cse486, penn state robert collins physics of light and color light is electromagnetic radiation different colors correspond to different wavelengths.
Properties of light university of maryland college of. Lecture notes polymer physics materials science and. Light interference is a phenomenon of superposition of light waves produced from two coherent sources and produces reinforcement of light in some regions bright fringes and weakness in other regions dark fringes, interference fringes is a sequence of. Light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation properties first, lets discuss the properties of laser light and then we will go into how is is created. Light properties of light university of washington. Chapter 4 light and optics virtual reality lavalle. At this speed it can go around the world 8 times in one second. Optics the branch of physics consisting properties of light. It is the study of physical aspects of light, its properties and use of optical instruments. The word laser has become a household word, but it didnt start out as a word. This physics textbook is designed to support my personal teaching activities at duke university, in particular teaching its physics 141142, 151152, or 161162 series introduc tory physics for life science majors, engineers, or potential physics majors, respectively. Light waves can interfere with other light waves, canceling or amplifying them.
Speed of light depends on media medium speed ms refractive index vacuum 3 x 108 air 2. This physics textbook is designed to support my personal teaching activities at duke university, in particular teaching its physics 141142, 151152, or 161162 series introductory physics for life science majors, engineers, or potential physics majors, respectively. It explains reflection, refraction, and dispersion properties of light. Definition and properties of laser light environmental. At any point on the path of a simple harmonic light wave the strengths of the electric and magnetic fields are continually changing. The physics of polarization egidio landi deglinnocenti department of physics and astronomy university of florence, italy. Whenever light or any wave encounters a different medium one of three things can happen. In a handson way, students explore light s properties of absorption, reflection, transmission and refraction through various experimental stations within the classroom. The nature of light as a wave a small disturbance in an electric field creates a small magnetic field, which in turn creates a small electric field, and so on light propagates itself by its bootstraps.
Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. By suitably heating, suf ficient ther mal ener gy can be imparted to the free electrons to enable them to come out of the metal. Light is composed of energy particles called photons and can behave as either a wave or as separate particles. In most everyday circumstances, the properties of light can be derived from the theory of classical electromagnetism, in which light is described as coupled electric and magnetic fields propagating through space as a traveling wave. Topics covered include re ection and transmission at boundaries, dispersion, polarization e ects, di raction, coherence, ray optics and imaging, the propagation of light in matter, and the quantum nature of light. Hence light is also called as optics and study of vision is called ophthalmology and eye specialists known as ophthalmologist. The nature of light uw madison astronomy department. Sir isaac newton was explained the properties of light by introducing corpuscular theory in 1675. Let us recall these laws i the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and ii the incident ray, the normal to the mirror at the point of incidence and the reflected ray, all lie in the same plane. Since the speed of light in vacuum is fixed, each wavelength corresponds to a different frequency. The basic properties of light are its wavelength, frequency, energy and speed. Starting from einstein we are talking about the duality of particles, where each particle has also certain wave properties. This website is created solely for jee aspirants to download pdf, ebooks, study materials for free.
Optics is a branch of physics that deals with the determination of behaviour and the properties of light, along with its interactions with the matter and also with the instruments which are used to detect it. When light propagates in a transparent material medium, its speed is in general less than the speed in vacuum c. These are transverse waves, like the ripples in a tank of water. Newtons laws of motion allen physics particle kinematics allen physics practical physics allen physics rotational motion allen physics temperature scales allen physics wave theory allen physics work energy allen physics this website is created solely for jee aspirants to download pdf, ebooks, study materials for free.
Classical physics and modern physics are main branches of physics. However, this wave theory, developed in the mid19th century, is not sufficient to explain the properties of light at very low intensities. Prove that fourier transforms have the property of linear superposi tion. One of natures most splendid masterpieces is the rainbow. How light travels light waves ks3 physics revision. Since it travels at the speed of light, c 3 108 m s. By applying a very strong electric field of the order of 108 v m1 to a metal, electrons can be pulled out of the metal, as in a spark plug. The properties of light are intensity or brightness, direction, frequency or color and polarization. Light is a transverse, electromagnetic wave that can be seen by a typical human. When light falls on the surface of a non luminous object,it can behave in three ways.
One nanometer is equal to one billionth of a meter. Properties of light and electricity 45 the student will demonstrate. Properties of light answers conceptual physics light is waves. In physics, the term light sometimes refers to electromagnetic radiation of any. Theyhaveenergy,andonemeasure of this energy is the wavelength of the light. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Wavelengths in the range of 400700 nm are normally thought of as light. An interesting consequence of this is that a light ray will change direction when passing from one medium to another. It is the distance that light travels in one oscillation, and is often expressed using a unit called nanometer. The basic nature of light nature of light photon terrace.
Physical properties of light light consists of photons particles with no mass which travelatthespeedoflight. Physics but also with a revolution in communication technology. In reality, what most often happens is a combination of the three fates. Light or visible light is electromagnetic radiation within the portion of the electromagnetic. We investigated the direction and the frequency or color of light in todays lab. Laser light is monochromatic, directional, and coherent. This short video explains one of the most important thing around us light. In each part of the lab, what eventually happened to the amplitude of a wave as it travels. Light and vision we know today that light and vision are inseparable. Since the new medium, the smaller spring is more, less rigid than the slinky, any reflected wave will be erect, inverted. Physics igcse 2012 exam revision notes by samuel lees and adrian guillot 1. Choose from 500 different sets of properties of light 2 physics flashcards on quizlet. The light can be absorbed by the new medium and turned into internal energy andor heat, the light can be transmitted through the new medium, or the light can be reflected back into the original medium.
Physics is the branch of science which deals with the interaction of matter and energy. Since the light ray appears to be broken, the phenomenon is known as refraction. Notes for class 10 science physics chapter 10 light reflection and refraction download in pdf. Chapter 10 light reflection and refraction notes download in pdf which has explanation of light reflection and refraction, light reflection and refraction class 10, light reflection and refraction class 10 notes, reflection and refraction of light. The next logical step is to model the physics of light propagation through virtual.
Glass,water,clear plastic and air are transparent materials. To understand absorption, reflection and transmission, they shine flashlights on a number of provided objects. Other objects which do not give out light are called non luminous objects. A rainbow is an excellent demonstration of the dispersion of light and one more piece of evidence that visible light is composed of a spectrum of wavelengths, each associated with a distinct color. So the property which really distinguishes each elementary wave is its frequency, rather than its wavelength. The common practice of describing light in terms of.
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